8 Essential Tools for Custom Keyboard Building

Building a custom mechanical keyboard doesn't have to feel overwhelming. With the right tools, you can simplify the process, protect your components, and ensure a safe, efficient build. Here's a quick rundown of the 8 essential tools you'll need:

Precision Screwdrivers: For assembling cases, PCBs, and stabilizers. Magnetic tips help with small screws.
Keycap Puller: A wire-style puller prevents scratches and ensures safe keycap removal.
Switch Puller: Safely remove hot-swap switches without damaging pins or PCBs.
Switch Opener: Disassemble switches for lubrication or modifications.
Lube & Brushes: Improve switch performance with precise lubrication techniques.
Soldering Equipment: For non-hot-swap keyboards, ensure clean and secure connections.
Tweezers: Handle delicate components like springs and stabilizers with precision.
PCB Testing Tools: Test your PCB to ensure all keys register before assembly.

Quick Comparison Table:

Tool	Purpose	Key Features	Price Range
Precision Screwdrivers	Assemble cases and PCBs	Magnetic tips, multiple bit sizes	$15–$30
Keycap Puller	Remove keycaps safely	Wire style, prevents scratches	$5–$10
Switch Puller	Remove switches	Durable material, strong grip	$8–$15
Switch Opener	Open switches for mods	Works with Cherry MX/Kailh switches	$15–$20
Lube & Brushes	Lubricate switches	Krytox 205g0, precise application	$7–$15
Soldering Equipment	Solder switches to PCB	Temp control, solder wire, cutters	$50–$100
Tweezers	Handle small parts	ESD-safe, straight/curved options	$4–$10
PCB Testing Tools	Test PCB functionality	Tweezers, USB cable, testing software	$0–$20

With these tools, you’ll be ready to build a custom keyboard that’s reliable, smooth, and tailored to your preferences. Let’s dive into the details of each tool and how to use them.

ESSENTIAL TOOLS for Building Custom Keyboards!

1. Precision Screwdrivers: Basic Assembly Tools

A precision screwdriver set is a must-have for assembling custom keyboards. These tools help you safely handle the tiny screws that secure your case, PCB, and other components.

Why Magnetic Tips Matter

Magnetic tips make working with small screws much easier by:

Holding screws securely in place as you work
Picking up dropped screws effortlessly
Guiding screws neatly into mounting holes

Types of Screwdrivers You’ll Need

Here are the most common screwdriver types and their uses:

Driver Type	Common Uses	Key Features
Phillips	Case assembly, PCB mounting	Cross-shaped head, widely used
Flathead	Plate adjustments	Simple slot design, adaptable for various tasks
Hex	Case screws, stabilizer mounting	Six-sided head, handles high torque
Torx	High-end case assembly	Star-shaped design, reduces slipping risk

For the best experience, consider a complete set like the Kinetic Labs precision screwdriver kit, which includes 22 magnetic bits.

Pro Tip: Always use the correct bit size and apply light pressure to avoid stripping screw heads. Stripped screws can make assembly harder and may damage your components.

Next, we’ll look at tools like keycap pullers that help with safe component removal.

2. Keycap Puller: Safe Removal Methods

Using a wire-style keycap puller is the best way to safely remove keycaps. While many keyboards come with plastic ring pullers, wire pullers are better at preventing scratches on your keycaps.

Wire pullers use two metal prongs to apply even pressure, reducing the chance of damage while protecting your keycaps.

Feature	Wire Keycap Puller	Plastic Ring Puller
Material Durability	Made of sturdy metal, lasts longer	More fragile, prone to breaking
Scratch Risk	Low – touches only bottom edges	Higher – may scratch sides
Efficiency	Removes multiple keycaps quickly	Usually handles one at a time
Cost	$5–$10	Often included for free

Steps for Safe Keycap Removal

Position the puller: Place it above the keycap.
Insert the wires: Lower the puller until the wires slide under both edges of the keycap.
Apply gentle pressure: Press down slightly so the wires grip securely.
Pull upward: Lift straight up with a steady motion.

Tips for Safe Use

Make sure the wires are firmly in place before pulling.
Pull straight up without twisting or angling the tool.
Regularly clean the puller and check the wires for wear to avoid accidental damage.

3. Switch Puller: Hot-Swap Switch Removal

A switch puller is a must-have for anyone maintaining or customizing mechanical keyboards. This tool is specifically designed to remove switches safely, avoiding damage to pins or the PCB.

Metal vs Plastic Switch Pullers

Feature	Metal Switch Pullers	Generic Plastic Pullers
Durability	Made with high-quality materials for longevity	Prone to breaking over time
Grip Strength	Offers a secure grip for precise removal	May slip during use
Pin Safety	Reduces the chance of bending switch pins	Higher risk of pin damage during removal

Choosing a high-quality puller minimizes risks and ensures smoother handling.

Recommended Options

For frequent use, consider these trusted tools:

Titanium Switch Puller: Built for durability and long-term performance.
Gateron Switch Puller V2: Known for its strong grip and ease of use.
Kinetic Labs Switch Puller: A reliable and affordable option for everyday tasks.

How to Remove Switches Safely

Align the puller’s prongs with the switch tabs.
Apply even pressure and pull the switch straight out.
Inspect the switch pins afterward to check for any damage.

Care and Maintenance

Regularly clean and inspect the tool to keep it in top condition.
Store it in a dry place to prevent rust.
Ensure the gripping mechanism works smoothly before use.

A dependable switch puller simplifies maintenance and reduces the risk of damaging your keyboard. Whether you're swapping out switches or just performing routine upkeep, a durable tool can save you time and effort.

4. Switch Opener: Preparing Switches for Mods

A switch opener is a must-have tool for safely taking apart mechanical keyboard switches. It allows you to disassemble them without damaging any components, making it perfect for tasks like lubrication, spring changes, and other custom tweaks.

Types of Switch Openers

The KFA Switch Opener ($19.00) works with both Cherry MX and Kailh-style switches, making it compatible with a variety of setups. Its sturdy build ensures consistent performance. Some openers are specifically designed for Cherry MX switches, while others are better suited for Kailh switches, which might require a bit more force.

How to Open Switches Safely

Check Your Switch Type: Identify whether your keyboard uses Cherry MX-style or Kailh-style switches.
Position the Switch: Place the switch with the stem side facing up into the opener.
Align the Tool: Match the opener’s pegs with the clips on the switch housing.
Press Down: Push firmly until you hear a click. If the switch doesn’t open easily, check the alignment - Kailh switches often need extra pressure.

Parts Inside a Switch

Once opened, a mechanical switch typically consists of these four pieces:

Upper housing
Stem assembly
Spring
Lower housing

Tips for a Safe Disassembly

Before starting:

Clear your workspace to avoid losing small parts.
Use a small container to store loose components.
Make sure your area is well-lit for precision.

While working:

Use a soft surface to catch any springs that might pop out.
Handle each part gently to avoid bending or breaking anything.
Pay attention to how parts are oriented to make reassembly easier.

Once your switches are open, you’re ready to dive into maintenance or modifications. A good opener not only protects your switches but also makes the entire process smoother and more efficient.

sbb-itb-3cb9615

5. Lube and Brushes: Switch Maintenance

Lubricating your switches can make typing smoother and more enjoyable. Just like using the right tools protects your build, proper lubrication can boost switch performance.

Lubrication Techniques

Applying lubricant correctly is key to getting the best results. Here's how to handle different parts of your switches:

To lubricate springs in batches, put them in a plastic bag with 20–30 drops of Krytox GPL 105 oil. Seal the bag with as little air as possible, then shake it for about a minute to evenly coat the springs.
Use a thin, even layer of lubricant on these areas:
- Bottom housing rails and the corners of the center post
- Contact points on the upper housing
- All four sides and inner walls of the stem

Be careful not to overdo it - too much lubricant can affect sound quality and make typing less satisfying. For tactile switches, skip the stem legs to keep the tactile feedback intact. On the other hand, for linear switches, Krytox 205g0 is a great choice for smoothness and sound dampening.

Starter Lubrication Kit

If you're new to switch lubrication, here’s a handy starter kit:

Item	Price	Purpose
Krytox 205g0 (3 ml)	$7.95	Main lubricant for switches
Lube Brushes (#0, #1)	$4.00	For precise application
ESD Tweezers	Included	Handling small parts
Stem Holder	Included	Steady application of lubricant

Krytox 205g0 works especially well for linear switches and stabilizers, helping create a deeper sound and smoother key travel. Start with a small amount of lubricant and add more gradually.

Make sure to work in a clean, well-lit space, keep the lubricant container closed when not in use, and carefully apply the lubricant to each switch.

Once your switches are properly lubricated, you're ready to move on to the next step: gathering the right soldering tools for PCB assembly.

6. Soldering Equipment: PCB Assembly

When building non-hot-swap keyboards, having the right soldering tools is crucial. A proper setup ensures clean connections and protects your PCB components from damage.

Here’s a quick rundown of the essential tools for PCB assembly:

Equipment	Purpose
Temperature-Controlled Soldering Station	Ensures precise heat control for accuracy
Solder Wire (63/37 or 60/40 tin/lead)	Used to attach components securely
Solder Tip Cleaner	Keeps the soldering tip in good condition
Flush Cutters	Trims excess leads from components
Helping Hands/PCB Holder	Stabilizes the PCB while you work

Basics of Temperature Control

For beginners, leaded solder (melting point 361°F/183°C) is often easier to work with.

When soldering switches:

Set the iron slightly above the solder’s melting point.
Clean the soldering tip after every five switches.
Hold the iron like a pen for better control.
Apply solder until it forms a small “volcano” shape around the lead.

Desoldering Steps

Preparation
- Work in a well-ventilated space to avoid inhaling fumes.
- Use a grounding mat to protect your PCB from static damage.
Removing Components
- Use a solder wick and a solder sucker to cleanly remove solder.
- Be methodical to avoid damaging nearby components.

For beginners, soldering stations like the KSGER T12 or Hakko FX888D are popular choices due to their reliable temperature control and ease of use.

Once your soldering setup is ready, you can move on to handling components with precision tools like tweezers in the next section.

7. Tweezers: Small Parts Handling

High-quality tweezers are a must-have for handling delicate keyboard components like springs and stabilizers.

Here’s a quick comparison of common tweezer types and their uses:

Type	Best Use Case	Key Features
ESD-Safe Straight	General assembly, spring setup	Prevents static damage, precise control
ESD-Safe Curved	Stabilizer work, switch filming	Easier access to tight spaces
Cross-Locking	Long tasks, lubing switches	Reduces hand strain

For added protection, look for tweezers with plastic tips. These provide a secure grip while avoiding scratches on sensitive parts. However, don’t use plastic-tipped tweezers near soldering tools or heat sources - the high temperatures can damage the tips.

Tips for Proper Grip

Apply steady, gentle pressure with the tips aligned to avoid slipping or damaging parts.
Use the flat inner surfaces for a more secure hold on components.

Cross-locking tweezers, priced around $4.50, are especially helpful for repetitive tasks like lubing switches. They maintain a firm grip without requiring constant pressure, making them a great tool for extended sessions.

Lastly, always choose tweezers with an ESD-safe coating to protect your keyboard’s electronics from static discharge. For beginners, straight ESD-safe tweezers are a great starting point, while curved models are perfect for working in tighter spaces. Both types are affordable and essential for any custom keyboard setup.

Up next: Learn how to ensure your build is flawless with precise PCB testing tools!

8. PCB Testing Tools: Quality Check

Before assembling your PCB, it's essential to test it to avoid troubleshooting headaches later. Here's what you'll need to perform a proper quality check:

Testing Tool	Purpose
Metal Tweezers or Wire	To bridge switch pin pads for testing
USB Cable	To connect the PCB to your computer
Testing Software	To check key registrations via a visual layout

Start by connecting your PCB to your computer using a USB cable. Open testing software like VIA or Switch Hitter to view key registrations. Use metal tweezers or a wire to bridge the switch pin pads - each key should register correctly. Once you've confirmed the key registrations, inspect the PCB for any physical issues.

"When you first get a PCB shipped to you, it is recommended that you test it before doing anything else. You don't want to be in a position where you've soldered everything on only to realize that a key doesn't work." - Switch and Click

Check for visible defects like:

Burn marks or discoloration
Hairline cracks in the board
Broken traces or lifted pads
Bulging or damaged components

To test function layers, hold the Fn key pads while testing other key positions. This ensures all special keys are functioning as expected.

VIA provides an easy-to-use visual matrix that highlights each key as it registers, making it simple to spot issues. If a key fails to register after multiple tries, note its location and contact your vendor immediately, as return windows are often limited. For split keyboards, test each half separately to pinpoint any problems before assembling the full setup.

Conclusion: Starting Your First Build

Set up your workspace, check your PCB, and dive into your build. Keep your soldering iron between 315°F and 350°F to avoid damaging the PCB.

Here’s a quick breakdown of the process:

Build Stage	Tools You’ll Need	Pro Tips
Stabilizer Installation	Precision Screwdrivers, Lube Kit	Try a band-aid mod for quieter typing
Switch Installation	Switch Puller, Switch Opener	Test pins before soldering
Final Assembly	Keycap Puller, PCB Testing Tools	Double-check connections for accuracy

These steps provide a straightforward path to building your custom keyboard.

When dealing with small components, tools like magnetic-tipped screwdrivers and tweezers can make the job smoother. If your PCB requires soldering, practice on spare parts first to build confidence in your technique.

Once everything is assembled, test each key and adjust the stabilizers as needed for a smooth typing experience. With the right tools and a little patience, you’ll have a reliable, custom keyboard ready to go.